An integrated Pythagorean fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model for best supplier selection in sustainable agile manufacturing

¹ Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
² Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
³ Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Department of Information Technologies, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
⁴ Department of Business and Communications, Inti International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

^* Corresponding author: bijoy91@tezu.ernet.in

Received: 27 February 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2025

Abstract

In modern supply chain management, selecting sustainable agile suppliers is essential. This approach integrates agile practices with sustainability principles to build resilient, eco-friendly supplier networks. It enhances competitiveness, reduces environmental impact, and supports effective supply chain risk management. By prioritizing environmental, social, and economic factors in supplier selection, organizations can form lasting partnerships that align with sustainability goals and remain adaptable to shifting market demands. This study aims to identify the optimal supplier for a Sustainable Agile Manufacturing process by incorporating insights from three decision-makers and evaluating five alternatives based on 20 specific criteria. In this article two integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model proposed within Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) environment to identify the optimal supplier for sustainable agile manufacturing. First, the Pythagorean fuzzy MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) method is used to calculate objective criteria weights, followed by the Pythagorean fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to determine subjective criteria weights. Then, the Pythagorean fuzzy Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) and Pythagorean fuzzy Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC) methods are applied to finalize the selection of the most suitable supplier. The results of this study indicate that the 4th alternative is the optimal supplier for a sustainable, agile manufacturing process. Additionally, this article explores the interdependencies among criteria and provides comprehensive sensitivity and comparison analysis, along with insights into the managerial implications of this research.