Issue |
RAIRO-Oper. Res.
Volume 55, Number 4, July-August 2021
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 2395 - 2412 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021106 | |
Published online | 16 August 2021 |
Bi-level pricing and inventory strategies for perishable products in a competitive supply chain
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Electronic Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2
E-Business Research Group, Information Technology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Tehran, Iran.
* Corresponding author: m_mozafari@iauec.ac.ir; mz.mozafari@gmail.com
Received:
24
January
2021
Accepted:
18
July
2021
This paper aims to develop a new bi-level game model for joint pricing and inventory decisions in a competitive supply chain consisting of a dominant manufacturer, who produces single perishable product from deteriorating raw materials, and two follower retailers who face nonlinear price-dependent demand and operate under Cournot assumptions. Three levels of warehousing including raw material warehouse, final product warehouse, and retail warehouses with exponential deterioration rates are considered to explore the joint impact of deterioration rate and price elasticity on the equilibrium inventory decisions. A Stackelberg–Nash–Cournot model is developed to seek the equilibrium prices, quantities, and replenishment cycles and is solved through an exact methodology. A numerical example is presented to validate the proposed model and comprehensive sensitivity analyses are carried out to measure the impact of the model’s key parameters including the deterioration rate in the producer’s and the retailers’ warehouses, the retail and competitor price elasticity, and the market scale on the equilibrium.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 91A80
Key words: Supply chain coordination / perishable products / inventory decisions / pricing / bi-level programming / Stackelberg–Nash–Cournot equilibrium
© The authors. Published by EDP Sciences, ROADEF, SMAI 2021
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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