Integrated supply chain imperfect production inventory model using green product with carbon emissions

¹ Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, India
² C.C.S. University, Meerut, India
³ H.N.B. Government Post Graduate College, Khatima, Uttarakhand, India

^* Corresponding author: surendrapadiyar1991@gmail.com

Received: 9 July 2024
Accepted: 28 May 2025

Abstract

Carbon emissions play an important role in global warming. Currently, some countries are alert for reducing the carbon emissions. Basically. Many countries use carbon cap & tax policies to reduce emission. The acceptance of green products is on the rise in today’s competitive market because of environmental concerns. Observance this issue in mind, we considered a production quantity model for a manageable carbon emissions rate. This study explores the integration of sustainable practices within supply chains, focusing on green supply chain management (GSCM), carbon emission reduction, and demand modeling dependent on the degree of environmental sustainability. The paper examines the impact of inspection and screening processes in mitigating environmental risks and improving the efficiency of green supply chains. In particular, we investigate how the carbon emission levels during the production and deterioration stages in the supply chain. Additionally, the demand for green products is modeled as a function of the “green degree” of the product, which signifies the extent of sustainability integrated into the manufacturing process. In this paper, we consider an imperfect production inventory model for decaying items with carbon emission. This study explores how to determine the green degree of finished products that were produced within imperfect production systems. To select the perfect and imperfect items have been inspected the produced items. The defective goods are sold in an only one consignment at the stop of the 100% screening process at a lower cost. The planned process is validated with the help of a numerical example. A solution process is provided to establish the most favorable ordering policy. Finally, Sensitivity analysis of different parameters has been approved.